BIO270 Laboratory Guide #11
NERVOUS SYSTEM;
SPECIAL SENSES
After completing this laboratory you should be able to:
1) Understand the developmental progression of the brain and spinal cord from the neural tube;
2) Recognize the brain from any of the vertebrate groups which we have studied;
3) Identify the specific brain and spinal cord structures detailed in the list below and associate them with their developmental vesicles;
4) Identify the cranial nerves, spinal nerve plexuses; and peripheral nervous system ganglia detailed in the list below;
5) Identify the structural components of the special sensory organs detailed in the list below.
I. NERVOUS SYSTEM
1) Work through Z&K exercise #10, involving the nervous systems of the shark, mudpuppy and cat. BE ESPECIALLY CAREFUL DISSECTING THE SHARK HEAD - this involves extensive use of the scalpel on the cartilage of the chondrocranium, and it is easy to slip with the blade.
2) Identify the specified structures in the shark and salamander brain.
3) Dissect a sheep brain. following the handout and identify the major structures and landmarks.
4) Be able to identify major structures in the central and peripheral nervous system in the cat isolated nervous system preparation.
Structures to identify:
Shark and Salamander Brain:
forebrain (prosencephalon)
telencephalon
olfactory bulbs
olfactory tracts
olfactory lobes
cerebrum
diencephalon
infundibulum
midbrain (mesencephalon)
optic lobes
(a.k.a.optic tectum,
superior colliculi)
inferior lobes
(a.k.a. tori semicircularis,
inferior colliculi)
hindbrain (rhombencephalon)
metencephalon
cerebellum
cerebellar auricles
myelencephalon
medulla oblongata
Cat/ Sheep/ Human Brain:
forebrain (prosencephalon)
telencephalon
lateral ventricles
choroid plexus
midsagittal fissure
cerebral hemispheres
olfactory bulbs
olfactory tracts
hippocampus
neocortex
central sulcus
corona radiata
basal ganglia
internal capsule
diencephalon
3rd ventricle
pineal (epithalamus)
thalamus
sulcus limitans
optic chiasm
hypothalamus
mammilary bodies
infundibulum of pituitary
midbrain (mesencephalon)
cerebral aqueduct
cerebral peduncles
superior colliculi
inferior colliculi
hindbrain (rhombencephalon)
4th ventricle
trigeminal nerve root
metencephalon
pons
cerebral peduncles
cerebellar peducles
cerebellum
vermis
hemispheres
arbor vitae
myelencephalon
medulla oblongata
Cat/Sheep Spinal Cord:
central grey matter
dorsal horns
ventral horns
central canal
white matter
dorsal columns
dorsal roots
dorsal root ganglia (DRGs)
ventral root
Cat/ Sheep Peripheral Nerves:
cranial nerves
I, II, V, X (as minimum)
spinal nerves
DRGs
brachial plexus
lumbosacral plexus
cauda equina of spinal chord
II. SPECIAL SENSES
1) Work through the demonstration slides and models of sensory organs.
2) Work through the handout exercise (C&R) on special senses in the cat, shark, and salamander.
3) Be able to identify the structures in the list below.
Structures to identify:
Shark Sensory Structures:
vestibular/auditory system
semicircular canals
sacculus
lagena
olfactory system
olfactory sacs
olfactory epithelium
electrosensory system
ampullae of Lorenzini
visual system
extraocular muscles
pedicel
conjunctiva
cornea
sclera
anterior and posterior chambers
vitreous chamber/vitreous body
retina
ciliary body
iris/pupil
crystalline lens
Cat/Cow Eye:
extraocular muscles
pedicel
conjunctiva
cornea
sclera
anterior and posterior chambers
vitreous chamber/vitreous body
retina
choroid
ciliary body
iris/pupil
crystalline lens